UPSC IAS Syllabus 2021: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) releases UPSC CSE Syllabus along with the UPSC Notification PDF. UPSC IAS is one of the toughest and most coveted exam in India conducted by UPSC. Every year lakhs of candidates appear for the UPSC examination to make their career in the field of Civil Services. The most important element for IAS preparation is a clear understanding of the UPSC IAS Syllabus 2021 for effective preparation.
The preparation for Civil Services Examination is highly difficult wherein candidates need to be serious and methodical right from the beginning. The first step towards starting preparation is to get acquainted with the UPSC IAS Syllabus 2021 and UPSC IAS Exam Pattern for Prelims and Mains. This will help candidates to focus on the topics covering all the subjects in a systematic manner. Based on this, candidates can prepare an effective study plan and work accordingly. In this article, we will provide detailed information about UPSC Syllabus IAS 2021. Read on to find out.
Note: As per the UPSC Calendar, UPSC IAS Prelims and Main exam is scheduled to be conducted on June 27 and September 17, 2021 respectively.
UPSC IAS Syllabus 2021
The Civil Services Examination is conducted in three phases:
| Phase 1 | Civil Services Examination (Prelims) which is an objective exam |
| Phase 2 | Civil Services Examination (Mains) which is a descriptive exam |
| Phase 3 | Personal Interview for Personality Test |
Candidates should be aware of the detailed UPSC exam pattern in order to understand the number of questions being asked, time duration, marking scheme, negative marking, total marks etc.
Also, check,
UPSC IAS Prelims Syllabus 2021
The Civil Services Preliminary Exam has two compulsory papers. UPSC CSE Prelims is a screening test, which is conducted to shortlist candidates for the UPSC Mains exam. Check the UPSC Prelims exam sections and pattern from below:
| Papers | Subjects in Prelims UPSC IAS Syllabus | Number of Questions | Maximum Marks |
| Paper 1 | General Studies | 100 | 200 |
| Paper 2 | Civil Services Aptitude Test | 80 | 200 |
- – The total time duration for the test is 4 hours (2 hours for each paper).
- – All the questions are Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
- – The test is conducted for a maximum of 200 marks.
- – As per the negative marking scheme, for every incorrect response, 1/3rd of the marks allocated to that question will be deducted from the total score.
- – The question papers will be set both in Hindi and English.
UPSC IAS Prelims General Studies Syllabus 2021
The UPSC Syllabus for Civil Services (IAS) Prelims (Paper 1) General Studies are as below:
- Current events of national and international importance.
- History of India and Indian National Movement.
- Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
- Indian Polity and Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
- Economic and Social Development Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector initiatives, etc.
- General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity, and Climate Change – that do not require subject specialization.
- General Science.
UPSC IAS Prelims CSAT Syllabus 2021
The UPSC Syllabus IAS for Prelims (Paper 2) is as below:
- Comprehension.
- Interpersonal skills including communication skills.
- Logical reasoning and analytical ability.
- Decision-making and problem-solving.
- General mental ability.
- Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency, etc. – Class X level).
It is to be noted that the CSAT is a qualifying paper and the marks will not be added for the final ranking. Candidates will have to secure a minimum of 33% marks in the CSAT to be eligible to appear for the Main examination.
UPSC IAS Mains Syllabus 2021
The second phase of the Civil Services Examination is the Main exam that tests candidates in-depth knowledge of the subject. The Main exam is descriptive in nature and has 9 papers. Out of these 9 papers, 7 are considered for final ranking. These 7 papers are of 250 marks each. The UPSC Syllabus for the Main exam is vast.
| Papers | Subjects in Mains UPSC IAS Syllabus | Maximum Marks |
| Paper 1 | Essay | 250 |
| Paper 2 | General Studies 1 (Indian Heritage & Culture, History & Geography of the World & Society) | 250 |
| Paper 3 | General Studies 2 (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice & International Relations) | 250 |
| Paper 4 | General Studies 3 (Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Security & Disaster Management) | 250 |
| Paper 5 | General Studies 4 (Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude) | 250 |
| Paper 6 | Optional Subject – Paper 1 | 250 |
| Paper 7 | Optional Subject – Paper 2 | 250 |
Qualifying Papers
| Papers | Subjects in Mains UPSC IAS Syllabus | Marks |
| Paper A | One of the Indian Language in VIII Schedule of Indian Constitution | 300 |
| Paper B | English Language | 300 |
The detailed UPSC Syllabus (IAS) for each of these papers are as under:
UPSC IAS Essay Syllabus 2021
- To be written in the medium or language of the candidate's choice.
- Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics.
- Essays to be kept close to the subject.
- Ideas to be presented in a concise manner, in an orderly fashion.
UPSC IAS General Studies 1 Syllabus 2021
Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society
- Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature, and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
- Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.
- The Freedom Struggle – its various stages and important contributors /contributions from different parts of the country.
- Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country, History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawing of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism, etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
- Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
- Role of women and women's organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems, and their remedies.
- Effects of globalization on Indian society.
- Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
- Salient features of the world's physical geography.
- Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)
- Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone, etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
UPSC IAS General Studies 2 Syllabus 2021
Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations
- Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
- Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues, and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
- Separation of powers between various organs disputes redressal mechanisms and institutions.
- Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
- Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, the conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
- Structure, organization, and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
- Salient features of the Representation of People's Act.
- Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions, and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
- Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
- Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
- Development processes and the development industry the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
- Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions, and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
- Issues relating to the development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
- Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
- Important aspects of governance, transparency, and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
- Role of civil services in a democracy.
- India and its neighbourhood- relations.
- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests.
- Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora.
- Important International institutions, agencies, and fora, their structure, mandate.
UPSC IAS General Studies 3 Syllabus 2021
Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management
- Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development, and employment.
- Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
- Government Budgeting.
- Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
- Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
- Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
- Land reforms in India.
- Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
- Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways, etc.
- Investment models.
- Science and technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology
- Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
- Conservation, environmental pollution, and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
- Disaster and disaster management.
- Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
- Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
- Challenges to internal security through communication networks, the role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cybersecurity; money-laundering and its prevention
- Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism
- Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate
UPSC IAS General Studies 4 Syllabus 2021
Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude
- This paper will include questions to test the candidates' attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem-solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilize the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered.
- Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants, and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships.
- Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; the role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
- Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
- Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections.
- Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
- Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the world.
- Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations, and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
- Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct.
- Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
- Case Studies on the above issues.
UPSC IAS Optional Subject Syllabus 2021
Paper 6 & 7 of UPSC Main syllabus is an optional subject. Each paper is of 250 marks and collectively the optional subjects constitute 500 marks. There are a total of 25 optional subjects and candidates need to select any two subjects for Paper 6 & 7 respectively. Therefore, it is very important to choose the optional subjects carefully as they can largely determine your chances of qualifying for the exam.
Candidates may choose any one optional subject from the list of subjects given below:
- History
- Geography
- Economics
- Sociology
- Public Administration
- Philosophy
- Psychology
- Political Science
- Agriculture
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
- Anthropology
- Botany
- Chemistry
- Civil Engineering
- Commerce
- Electrical Engineering
- Geology
- Law
- Mathematics
- Management
- Mechanical Engineering
- Medical Science
- Physics
- Statistics
- Zoology
UPSC IAS Optional Literature Subject
List of literature subjects available as Mains Optional Papers:
| Assamese | English |
| Bengali | Dogri |
| Bodo | Hindi |
| Gujarati | Kashmiri |
| Kannada | Maithili |
| Konkani | Manipuri |
| Malayalam | Nepali |
| Marathi | Punjabi |
| Oriya | Santhali |
| Sanskrit | Tamil |
| Sindhi | Urdu |
| Telugu |
Download UPSC Syllabus 2021 PDF
Frequently Asked Questions On UPSC IAS Syllabus 2021
The frequently asked questions on UPSC IAS Syllabus 2021 are given below:
Q. What are the stages in the UPSC IAS exam?
A. The UPSC selection process is divided into 3 stages:
1st Stage: UPSC IAS Prelims – Objective Type (Qualifier)
2nd Stage: UPSC IAS Mains – Written Test
3rd Stage: UPSC IAS Interview/ Personality Test
Q. What are the optional subjects in IAS?
A. The optional subjects for UPSC Mains are as follows:
– Law
– Agriculture
– Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
– Botany
– Anthropology
– Chemistry
– Civil Engineering
– Commerce and Accountancy
– Economics
– Electrical Engineering
– Geography
– Geology
– Indian History
– Management
– Mathematics
– Mechanical Engineering
– Medical Science
– Philosophy
– Physics
– Political Science and International Relations
– Psychology
– Public Administration
– Sociology
– Statistics
– Zoology
Q. What are the subjects in the IAS preliminary exam?
A. IAS Prelims has 2 subjects- General Studies and Civil Services Aptitude Test.
Q. Where can I download UPSC Syllabus PDF?
A. Candidates can download the UPSC Syllabus PDF from this article.
Q. Is Prelims exam qualifying in nature?
A. The Prelims exam is qualifying in nature. Prelims exam is conducted to shortlist the candidates based on merit for the Main exam. The paper 2 Prelims exam is qualifying in nature and candidates have to obtain a minimum of 33% in General Studies Paper-II. The merit in the Prelims exam is based on marks in Paper I.
As you can see, the UPSC Syllabus for Civil Services (IAS) is vast and requires rigorous preparation. Candidates must be serious right from the beginning and prepare in a smart manner to crack this examination. They must cultivate reading and writing habits, and be thorough with every single topic of UPSC IAS Syllabus. Making notes as you study is a must for better retention as well as revision. You must also take UPSC IAS Mock Tests on a regular basis.
We hope this detailed article on UPSC CSE Syllabus helps you. If you have any queries regarding IAS Syllabus, feel free to ping us or drop a comment below. We will get back to you as soon as possible.
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